In the AASHTO LRFD Load Combination Table, γ stands for which concept?

• A. Load Factors
• B. Safety Factors
• C. Minimum and Maximum Load Factors
• D. Reliability Indices

Answer: (C)

In LRFD, the symbol gamma is used to amplify nominal loads to form design loads. The Load Combination Table treats these gamma values not as a single fixed multiplier, but as bounds—minimum and maximum load factors—that you apply to the different load types when forming combinations. This reflects the reality that loads can vary within a range, so the design must be checked against both the lower and upper ends of that range to guarantee reliability. That’s why the concept tested is the idea of minimum and maximum load factors rather than just a generic load factor, a safety factor for resistance, or reliability indices.