They occur due to change in material properties either internally or externally. The change may be creep, shrinkage of concrete, etc.

• A. Bridge Loads
• B. Thermal Stresses
• C. Deformation Stresses
• D. Seismic Loads

Answer: (C)

The concept tested is stresses that arise from the material changing shape or size itself, not from an external force. When concrete experiences creep or shrinkage, it deforms over time or as moisture is lost. If the surrounding structure restrains that deformation, internal stresses develop as a consequence of the forced compatibility between parts. This category—stresses produced by deformation due to material property changes or environmental effects—is broader than simply external forces (like loads) or purely temperature-induced stresses, though temperature can contribute as a deformation cause. So the stresses described here are deformation stresses.